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Legalytics: Big Cases By The Numbers – Above the Law

While
quantifying
case
importance
is
a
subjective
art
at
best,
there
are
some
measurable
elements
that
provide
deeper
than
a
gut
impression
as
a
basis
for
comparison.
Some
possibilities
include
dollar
value
or
companies
involved,
case
complexity,
differences
of
opinion
between
judges,
firms
involved
in
litigating
the
cases,
and
interests
or
implications
for
those
beyond
the
immediate
parties
to
the
matter.

With
these
layers
in
mind,
I
started
out
by
examining
opinions
where
the
following
firms
which
are currently
around
the
top
revenue
generators
 in
U.S.
law
were
counsel:
Gibson
Dunn,
Skadden,
Latham,
Morgan
Lewis,
White
&
Case,
Ropes
&
Gray,
Allen
Overy,
Kirkland
&
Ellis,
DLA
Piper,
and
Sidley
Austin.

The
sample
of
written
opinions
with
at
least
100
words
(a
way
to
attempt
to
exclude
summary
decisions)
based
on
these
parameters
was
136.

Here
are
a
few
ways
to
break
down
the
numbers.
First
based
on
law
firm:

There
is
quite
a
range
from
37
to
three
decisions
and
large
drops
from
the
first
four
firms
to
the
next
four
and
finally
to
the
last
two.

To
get
a
sense
of
the
lay
of
the
land,
below
are
the
courts
that
issued
these
opinions.

Here
we
see
the
impact
of
the
coasts
as
the
four
courts
with
the
most
decisions
are
SDNY
(New
York),
NDCA
(California),
the
Ninth
Circuit
Court
of
Appeals
(west
coast),
and
the
appellate
divisions
of
the
New
York
Supreme
Court
(the
intermediate
appeals
tribunal
in
New
York).

Next
is
a
quick
way
to
break
down
some
of
the
significant
issues
in
the
cases
based
on
a
dictionary
approach
looking
for
multiple
times
these
terms
arise
in
a
decision.

Many
of
these
cases
(perhaps
not
surprisingly
for
big
firms)
deal
with
financial
implications
and
deals
that
broke
down.
There
are
still
a
nontrivial
number
of
cases
where
the
immediate
concerns
are
not
financial
or
at
least
are
not
predicated
only
on
business
interests.

Lastly
a
look
at
opinion
count
based
on
a
distribution
of
majority
word
counts.

Most
of
these
opinions
are
fairly
short
although
only
six
were
excluded
from
the
analyses
due
to
fewer
than
100
words
in
them.

I
ordered
this
list
of
five
cases
based
on
relative
importance,
mainly
on
dispersed
impact,
but
also
based
on
the
other
factors
I
described
above.


Decision
Link


Court
:
United
States
Court
of
Appeals,
Fifth
Circuit


Decision
Date
:
December
11,
2024


Majority
Opinion
:
Oldham; Dissent:
Higginson


Issue
Areas
:
{housing,
financial,
commerce,
employment,
liability,
fraud,
contracts}


Majority
words
count
:
11,351; Dissent
word
count
:
2,460


Amicus
briefs
:
14


What
it’s
about
:
This
case
centers
around
a
legal
challenge
to
rules
set
by
the
Securities
and
Exchange
Commission
(SEC)
and
Nasdaq
regarding
the
disclosure
of
certain
demographic
information
about
directors
of
public
companies.
Specifically,
the
rules
required
companies
listed
on
Nasdaq
to
disclose
data
about
the
race,
gender,
and
sexual
characteristics
of
their
directors.
The
plaintiffs
AFBR,
argued
that
these
disclosure
requirements
went
beyond
what
is
allowed
under
the
law
and
violated
certain
legal
principles.

At
its
core,
this
case
is
about
whether
government
regulators,
like
the
SEC
and
Nasdaq,
can
require
companies
to
disclose
sensitive
information
about
their
directors
for
the
purpose
of
promoting
transparency,
even
if
such
disclosures
aren’t
directly
related
to
financial
performance
or
investor
protection.


The
Positions
of
the
Two
Sides:


AFBR
(Petitioner):

AFBR,
a
group
representing
certain
companies
affected
by
the
Nasdaq
rule,
argues
that
the
SEC
and
Nasdaq
have
overstepped
their
authority
by
mandating
disclosures
of
information
that
are
not
required
by
law.
The
main
claim
is
that
these
rules
go
against
the
intent
of
the
securities
laws,
which
were
created
to
protect
investors
from
fraud,
manipulation,
and
speculation,
not
to
mandate
social
or
demographic
disclosures.

The
group
argued
that
requiring
such
disclosures
doesn’t
align
with
the
goals
of
the
Securities
Exchange
Act,
which
was
primarily
designed
to
prevent
financial
fraud
and
market
manipulation,
not
to
force
companies
to
reveal
demographic
information
unrelated
to
financial
performance.


SEC
and
Nasdaq
(Respondent):

The
SEC
and
Nasdaq
argue
that
their
rules
are
within
their
authority
and
are
in
line
with
the
objectives
of
the
Securities
Exchange
Act.
They
believe
that
forcing
companies
to
disclose
such
information
is
beneficial
for
investors
and
markets
because
it
improves
transparency
and
could
potentially
enhance
corporate
governance.

They
argued
that
the
rules
are
related
to
the
Exchange
Act’s
goals
of
providing
transparency
and
protecting
investors,
and
that
disclosing
demographic
data
about
company
directors
might
help
investors
make
better-informed
decisions
about
the
companies
they
invest
in.


Key
Legal
and
Policy
Issues:


  1. Jurisdiction
    and
    Standing
    :
    One
    threshold
    issue
    in
    the
    decision
    was
    determining
    if
    AFBR
    had
    the
    right
    to
    challenge
    the
    rule
    in
    court.
    Since
    AFBR
    represented
    companies
    that
    were
    affected
    by
    Nasdaq’s
    rules,
    they
    had
    the
    legal
    standing
    to
    bring
    this
    case.

  2. Authority
    and
    Scope
    of
    the
    SEC
    and
    Nasdaq
    :
    The
    main
    legal
    issue
    was
    whether
    the
    SEC
    and
    Nasdaq
    had
    the
    authority
    to
    require
    companies
    to
    disclose
    personal
    demographic
    information
    about
    their
    directors.
    AFBR
    argued
    that
    this
    wasn’t
    within
    the
    scope
    of
    the
    securities
    laws,
    while
    the
    SEC
    and
    Nasdaq
    argued
    that
    the
    rules
    were
    related
    to
    their
    duties
    to
    ensure
    transparency
    in
    the
    market.

In
this
decision,
the major
questions
doctrine
 
(a
current
hot
topic)
plays
a
central
role
in
limiting
the
scope
of
the
SECs
regulatory
power
over
corporate
governance,
particularly
regarding
the
imposition
of
diversity
requirements
on
corporate
boards.


Major
Questions
Doctrine:

The
doctrine
asserts
that
when
an
administrative
agency,
like
the
SEC,
seeks
to
exercise
power
over
a
matter
of
significant
economic
or
political
importance,
it
must
have
clear
and
explicit
authorization
from
Congress.
This
is
because
such
power,
if
implied
or
unclear,
could
lead
to
significant
changes
in
the
nations
economic
landscape
or
government
structure
without
proper
democratic
oversight.
In
this
case,
the
SEC’s
attempt
to
impose
diversity
requirements
on
corporate
boards
is
seen
as
a
“major
question”
due
to
its
massive
economic
and
political
implications.
In
this
case,
The
SECs
action
of
requiring
Nasdaq-listed
companies
to
adopt
board
diversity
policies
is
characterized
as
a
“major
question”
because
it
affects
the
internal
structures
of
large
corporations,
including
those
with
a
combined
market
value
greater
than
the
GDP
of
the
United
States.
The
court
argues
that,
while
the
SEC
has
broad
powers
under
the
Exchange
Act,
it
cannot
claim
authority
to
reshape
corporate
governance
based
on
vague
statutory
provisions
without
clear
congressional
approval.

The
court
also
highlights
that
this
kind
of
regulation—pertaining
to
diversity
on
corporate
boards—is
traditionally
handled
by
other
agencies
(like
the
Equal
Employment
Opportunity
Commission)
or
state
laws,
not
the
SEC.
Therefore,
applying
the
major
questions
doctrine
here
requires
skepticism
of
the
SEC’s
action,
as
no
clear
congressional
mandate
for
such
regulation
exists
in
the
Exchange
Act.


Holding
:
Ultimately,
the
court
concluded
that
the
SEC’s
power
to
regulate
corporate
governance
did
not
extend
to
imposing
diversity
requirements
on
corporate
boards,
as
such
a
measure
lacks
the
clear
congressional
authorization
required
by
the
major
questions
doctrine.

Main
points
in
the dissent:


  1. Nasdaq’s
    Role
    and
    SECs
    Limited
    Authority
    :
    Nasdaq,
    as
    a
    private
    company,
    proposed
    a
    rule
    (the
    “Disclosure
    Rule”)
    requiring
    companies
    to
    disclose
    their
    board
    diversity.
    The
    dissent
    argues
    that
    the
    SEC’s
    role
    is
    limited
    and
    that
    it
    is
    not
    authorized
    to
    override
    Nasdaq’s
    judgment
    unless
    the
    rule
    violates
    the
    Exchange
    Acts
    requirements.
    The
    SEC’s
    approval
    of
    the
    rule
    aligns
    with
    the
    purpose
    of
    encouraging
    market
    efficiency
    and
    investor
    transparency.

  2. Investor
    Demand
    for
    Diversity
    Information
    :
    The
    dissent
    highlights
    that
    there
    is
    substantial
    evidence
    showing
    that
    investors
    sought
    information
    about
    board
    composition,
    despite
    inefficiencies
    in
    how
    such
    data
    was
    previously
    reported.
    Nasdaq
    responded
    to
    this
    demand
    with
    a
    rule
    that
    standardizes
    board
    diversity
    disclosures,
    aiming
    to
    address
    information
    asymmetries
    between
    large
    and
    small
    investors.

  3. Disclosure
    vs.
    Quota
    :
    The
    dissent
    emphasizes
    that
    the
    Disclosure
    Rule
    is
    focused
    on
    providing
    information,
    not
    imposing
    a
    quota
    system
    for
    board
    diversity.
    This
    aligns
    with
    SEC’s
    finding
    that
    the
    rule
    is
    designed
    to
    remove
    barriers
    to
    market
    efficiency
    rather
    than
    mandate
    hiring
    practices.

  4. Private
    Experimentation
    and
    Limited
    SEC
    Intervention
    :
    The
    dissent
    defends
    the
    concept
    of
    self-regulation
    by
    exchanges
    like
    Nasdaq,
    which
    can
    refine
    their
    rules
    based
    on
    market
    demands.
    The
    SEC’s
    review
    should
    be
    limited
    to
    ensuring
    the
    rule
    doesn’t
    violate
    the
    principles
    of
    the
    Exchange
    Act,
    rather
    than
    imposing
    its
    own
    policy
    preferences.

  5. Consistency
    with
    Existing
    Regulatory
    Practices
    :
    The
    dissent
    notes
    that
    Nasdaq’s
    rule
    aligns
    with
    existing
    disclosure
    requirements,
    such
    as
    those
    enforced
    by
    the
    EEOC
    and
    SEC,
    demonstrating
    consistency
    with
    broader
    regulatory
    practices.


Decision
Link


Court
:
Supreme
Court
of
Montana


Decision
Date
:
December
11,
2024


Opinion
Author
:
Justice
Baker;
Concurrence:
Justice
McKinnon;
Concurrence
and
Dissent:
Justice
Rice


Areas
of
Law
 {employment,
hearing,
insurance,
unconstitutional,
evidence}


Majority
word
count
:
8,211; Concurrence (McKinnon):
1,579; Concurrence
and
Dissent
in
part 
(Rice):
661


Amicus
Briefs
:
2


What
it’s
about
:
This
case
addresses
the
constitutionality
of
Montana
Senate
Bill
99
(SB
99),
a
law
enacted
in
2023
that
restricts
specific
medical
treatments
for
minors
diagnosed
with
gender
dysphoria.
The
Plaintiffs
argued
that
the
law
violates
Montana’s
constitutional
rights,
including
privacy
and
equal
protection.
Here’s
a
summary
of
the
key
issues:


Overview
of
SB
99


  • Purpose
    :
    The
    law
    aims
    to
    protect
    minors
    from
    undergoing
    “harmful,
    experimental”
    treatments
    such
    as
    puberty
    blockers,
    cross-sex
    hormones,
    and
    certain
    surgical
    procedures
    before
    they
    reach
    adulthood.

  • Prohibitions
    :

    • The
      law
      prohibits
      the
      administration
      of
      puberty
      blockers
      and
      hormones
      (e.g.,
      testosterone
      for
      female
      minors,
      estrogen
      for
      male
      minors)
      intended
      to
      affirm
      a
      minor’s
      gender
      identity.
    • Bans
      specific
      surgeries
      (e.g.,
      hysterectomy,
      vaginoplasty)
      performed
      to
      affirm
      a
      gender
      identity
      incongruent
      with
      a
      minor’s
      sex
      assigned
      at
      birth.

  • Exemptions
    :
    These
    procedures
    and
    treatments
    are
    permitted
    if
    they
    are
    not
    aimed
    at
    addressing
    a
    minor’s
    perception
    of
    their
    gender
    identity.

  • Professional
    Penalties
    :
    Health
    professionals
    who
    violate
    the
    law
    face
    disciplinary
    actions,
    including
    suspension
    of
    their
    license
    for
    at
    least
    one
    year,
    civil
    liability,
    and
    exclusion
    of
    insurance
    coverage
    for
    damages.


Plaintiffs’
Arguments


  1. Constitutional
    Violations
    :
    SB
    99
    infringes
    on
    privacy
    and
    equal
    protection
    rights
    guaranteed
    under
    Montana’s
    Constitution.

  2. Medical
    Necessity
    :

    • Treatments
      banned
      under
      SB
      99
      are
      supported
      by
      medical
      standards
      (e.g.,
      WPATH
      Standards
      of
      Care
      Version
      8)
      and
      are
      often
      necessary
      for
      addressing
      gender
      dysphoria.
    • Evidence
      submitted
      indicates
      untreated
      gender
      dysphoria
      can
      result
      in
      severe
      mental
      health
      issues,
      including
      depression
      and
      suicidality.

  3. Expert
    Testimony
    :
    Plaintiffs’
    experts
    attest
    that
    gender-affirming
    care
    is
    safe,
    effective,
    and
    the
    accepted
    standard
    of
    care
    for
    minors
    with
    gender
    dysphoria.


State’s
Defense


  1. Medical
    Concerns
    :

    • The
      State
      argues
      that
      there
      is
      no
      consensus
      within
      the
      medical
      community
      on
      using
      puberty
      blockers
      and
      hormones
      for
      minors
      with
      gender
      dysphoria.
    • It
      asserts
      that
      gender-affirming
      care
      may
      harm
      minors.

  2. Legislative
    Authority
    :
    SB
    99
    reflects
    the
    State’s
    interest
    in
    regulating
    medical
    practices
    to
    protect
    minors.


Holding
:
The
court
decided
to
uphold
the
District
Court’s
preliminary
injunction
against
SB
99,
finding
that
the
plaintiffs
had
shown
a
likelihood
of
success
on
the
merits
of
their
privacy
claim.
The
District
Court
determined
that
SB
99,
which
bans
certain
medical
treatments
for
minors,
violated
the
plaintiffs’
fundamental
right
to
privacy
under
the
Montana
Constitution.
The
court
applied
strict
scrutiny
and
found
that
the
State
had
not
demonstrated
a
compelling
interest
or
that
the
law
was
narrowly
tailored
to
achieve
such
an
interest.


Key
aspects
of
the
decision
include
:


  1. Prima
    Facie
    Case
    Against
    SB
    99
    :
    The
    District
    Court
    concluded
    that
    the
    plaintiffs
    presented
    sufficient
    evidence
    to
    establish
    that
    the
    treatments
    banned
    by
    SB
    99
    are
    not
    harmful
    or
    experimental,
    and
    therefore,
    do
    not
    justify
    the
    State’s
    interference
    under
    the
    Armstrong
    standard.

  2. Strict
    Scrutiny
    Standard
    :
    The
    statute’s
    impact
    on
    individual
    privacy
    rights
    triggered
    strict
    scrutiny,
    requiring
    the
    State
    to
    justify
    the
    law
    with
    a
    compelling
    interest
    and
    show
    that
    it
    was
    narrowly
    tailored.
    The
    State’s
    failure
    to
    demonstrate
    that
    the
    banned
    treatments
    posed
    a
    bona
    fide
    health
    risk
    meant
    it
    could
    not
    meet
    this
    standard.

  3. Preliminary
    Injunction
    Process
    :
    The
    court
    rejected
    the
    State’s
    argument
    that
    the
    District
    Court
    erred
    by
    not
    allowing
    live
    testimony
    or
    cross-examination
    during
    the
    preliminary
    injunction
    hearing.
    It
    found
    that
    the
    District
    Court
    had
    broad
    discretion
    in
    how
    it
    conducted
    the
    hearing
    and
    provided
    both
    parties
    a
    full
    opportunity
    to
    submit
    evidence.

  4. Irreparable
    Harm
    :
    The
    court
    agreed
    that
    the
    plaintiffs
    faced
    irreparable
    harm
    absent
    the
    injunction
    because
    the
    statutory
    restrictions
    prevented
    individualized
    medical
    care
    for
    minors,
    affecting
    their
    fundamental
    rights.

Overall,
the
court
emphasized
that
the
preliminary
injunction
did
not
resolve
the
ultimate
merits
of
the
case,
which
would
be
determined
at
trial.
However,
it
found
no
abuse
of
discretion
in
the
District
Court’s
decision
to
enjoin
SB
99
pending
a
final
determination.


Justice
McKinnon
:
Justice
McKinnon
concurred
with
the
Court’s
decision
to
uphold
the
preliminary
injunction
on
the
plaintiffs’
right
to
privacy
claim
but
emphasized
the
importance
of
addressing
the
equal
protection
claim
as
well.
McKinnon
highlighted
that
Montana’s
constitutional
protections
are
broader
than
their
federal
counterparts,
particularly
in
prohibiting
discrimination
on
the
basis
of
sex,
which
includes
transgender
status.
McKinnon
criticized
the
Court’s
avoidance
of
this
issue,
arguing
that
it
leaves
litigants
and
lower
courts
without
crucial
guidance,
fosters
uncertainty,
and
delays
justice
for
those
impacted
by
SB
99.
McKinnon
underscored
the
necessity
of
recognizing
transgender
persons
as
a
suspect
class
and
applying
strict
scrutiny
to
the
law,
asserting
that
this
case
presents
an
opportunity
to
provide
clarity
on
these
critical
legal
questions
under
Montana’s
Constitution.


Justice
Rice:
 Justice
Rice
concurred
with
upholding
the
preliminary
injunction,
agreeing
that
SB
99’s
restrictions
fail
to
meet
the
high
bar
of
addressing
a
bona
fide
health
risk
but
noted
that
evolving
medical
and
legal
standards
require
ongoing
evaluation.


Decision
Link


Court
:
Supreme
Court
of
Delaware


Decision
Date
:
December
2,
2024


Opinion
Author
:
Justice
Valihura


Areas
of
law
 {conspiracy,
merger,
bargaining,
contract
law,
financial,
torts,
purchasing,
liability,
fraud}


Opinion
word
count
:
26,435


Amicus
brief
:
0


What
it’s
about
:
This
case
revolves
around
the
sale
of
Mindbody,
a
software
company,
to
Vista
Equity
Partners
for
$36.50
per
share
in
2018.
The
lawsuit
focuses
on
whether
the
company’s
CEO,
Rick
Stollmeyer,
and
the
board
of
directors
acted
properly
during
the
sale
process.
Shareholders
claim
that
Stollmeyer
prioritized
his
own
interests
over
securing
the
best
price
for
investors,
including
early
discussions
with
Vista,
favoring
them
over
other
bidders,
and
failing
to
disclose
critical
financial
information
before
the
merger
vote.
The
case
examines
whether
these
actions
violated
fiduciary
duties
to
shareholders
and
influenced
the
sale’s
outcome
unfairly.


Decision
:
CEO
Richard
Stollmeyer,
Vista
Equity
Partners
Management,
LLC,
and
Mindbody
lost
on
several
critical
points,
including:


  1. Breach
    of
    Fiduciary
    Duty
    :
    The
    Court
    found
    that
    Stollmeyer
    breached
    his
    fiduciary
    duty
    of
    loyalty
    by
    failing
    to
    maximize
    the
    company’s
    sale
    price
    for
    stockholders.

  2. Failure
    to
    Ensure
    an
    Informed
    Stockholder
    Vote
    :
    The
    stockholder
    vote
    approving
    the
    merger
    was
    found
    to
    be
    insufficiently
    informed.

  3. Material
    Omission
    in
    Proxy
    Statement
    :
    The
    acquirors
    failure
    to
    include
    important
    information
    regarding
    their
    informational
    advantages
    was
    considered
    material.

Stollmeyer
and
the
acquirer
were
also
found
to
have
waived
their
right
to
seek
settlement
credit
and
the
acquirers
failure
to
correct
material
omissions
did
not
meet
the
“knowing
participation”
element
for
aiding
and
abetting
claims.


What
the
appellants
won:

  1. The
    Delaware
    Supreme
    Court
    reversed
    certain
    aspects
    of
    the
    trial
    court’s
    ruling,
    particularly
    concerning
    the
    acquirors
    responsibility
    for
    aiding
    and
    abetting
    the
    CEOs
    breach
    of
    duty.
  2. The
    Delaware
    Supreme
    Court
    held
    that
    the
    acquirors
    failure
    to
    correct
    the
    proxy
    statement
    did
    not
    fulfill
    the
    “knowing
    participation”
    standard
    needed
    for
    the
    aiding
    and
    abetting
    claim.
    Additionally,
    the
    Court
    found
    that
    the
    acquirors
    contractual
    duty
    did
    not
    create
    an
    independent
    fiduciary
    duty
    of
    disclosure
    to
    the
    stockholders.

The
appellees
(stockholders)
were
the
bigger
winners,
as
they
secured
the
damages
award
and
the
ruling
on
the
breach
of
fiduciary
duty.
The
appellants
(CEO
and
acquiror)
managed
to
secure
partial
reversals,
particularly
on
the
aiding
and
abetting
claims.


Decision
Link


Court
:
N.D.
Ohio,


Decision
Date
:
November
26,
2024


Opinion
Author
:
Judge
Pamela
Barker


Areas
of
Law
 {contract
law,
employment,
liability,
accommodations,
precedent,
religion,
labor,
evidence}


Opinion
Word
Count
:
21,711


Amicus
Briefs
:
0


What
it’s
about
:
This
case
centers
around
an
employee,
Bobnar
who
worked
AstraZeneca,
a
pharmaceutical
company,
and
requested
religious
exemptions
from
the
company’s
COVID-19
vaccine
mandate.
Bobnar
requested
a
religious
accommodation
to
avoid
the
COVID-19
vaccine,
citing
his
religious
beliefs
about
bodily
integrity.
However,
his
request
was
denied,
and
he
was
eventually
terminated
by
AstraZeneca.

Bobnar
also
applied
for
paternity
leave
under
the
Family
and
Medical
Leave
Act
(FMLA),
which
was
granted.
However,
he
faced
issues
during
his
leave,
including
being
contacted
by
coworkers
for
work-related
matters
and
feeling
pressured
to
continue
business
activities
while
on
leave.
He
considered
these
communications
harassment.
Bobnar
was
also
part
of
a
sales
incentive
program
and
was
expecting
a
bonus,
but
his
termination
affected
his
eligibility
to
receive
the
bonus.

The
legal
issues
in
the
case
revolve
around
whether
AstraZeneca
appropriately
handled
the
religious
accommodation
requests
and
whether
Bobnar’s
termination
was
justified,
particularly
in
relation
to
his
leave
and
bonus
eligibility.
The
case
also
touches
on
the
legality
of
AstraZeneca’s
actions
under
employment
law,
including
how
they
managed
the
accommodation
requests,
leave,
and
incentive
pay.


Decision
Parts
:


  1. Title
    VII
    Religious
    Discrimination/Failure
    to
    Accommodate
    (Count
    One)
    :
    The
    Court
    found
    that
    AstraZeneca
    discriminated
    against
    Bobnar
    by
    denying
    his
    request
    for
    a
    religious
    accommodation
    related
    to
    a
    vaccine
    mandate.
    The
    Court
    ruled
    that
    Bobnar’s
    termination
    was
    discriminatory
    and
    granted
    summary
    judgment
    in
    Bobnar’s
    favor
    on
    this
    count.

  2. FMLA
    Interference
    and
    Retaliation
    (Count
    Four)
    :
    The
    Court
    found
    that
    AstraZeneca
    did
    not
    interfere
    with
    Bobnar’s
    FMLA
    leave,
    as
    he
    voluntarily
    performed
    some
    work
    during
    his
    leave.
    The
    Court
    also
    ruled
    that
    there
    was
    no
    retaliation
    for
    taking
    FMLA
    leave,
    granting
    summary
    judgment
    in
    favor
    of
    AstraZeneca
    on
    this
    claim.

  3. Breach
    of
    Contract
    (Count
    Five)
    :
    The
    Court
    ruled
    that
    AstraZeneca
    wrongfully
    denied
    Bobnar
    his
    earned
    bonus
    for
    Q1
    2022,
    as
    his
    termination
    was
    unlawful.
    The
    Court
    granted
    summary
    judgment
    in
    Bobnar’s
    favor
    on
    the
    breach
    of
    contract
    claim,
    stating
    that
    AstraZeneca
    was
    required
    to
    pay
    him
    the
    bonus.

  4. Violation
    of
    Ohio’s
    Prompt
    Pay
    Act
    (OPPA)
    (Count
    Six)
    :
    AstraZeneca’s
    motion
    for
    summary
    judgment
    was
    granted
    on
    this
    claim
    because
    there
    was
    a
    dispute
    over
    whether
    Bobnar
    was
    entitled
    to
    the
    bonus,
    and
    the
    OPPA
    does
    not
    apply
    where
    a
    dispute
    exists
    regarding
    the
    payment
    of
    wages.


Why
was
Bobnar
the
bigger
winner?


  • Key
    Wins
    :
    Bobnar
    succeeded
    on
    the
    two
    claims
    that
    were
    central
    to
    his
    legal
    battle—religious
    discrimination
    under
    Title
    VII
    and
    the
    breach
    of
    contract
    regarding
    the
    unpaid
    bonus.

  • Damages
    and
    Compensation
    :
    The
    breach
    of
    contract
    ruling,
    in
    particular,
    could
    result
    in
    Bobnar
    receiving
    the
    bonus
    he
    earned,
    which
    is
    a
    significant
    financial
    win.

  • Religious
    Discrimination
    :
    The
    courts
    ruling
    on
    the
    Title
    VII
    claim
    implies
    that
    AstraZeneca
    could
    face
    significant
    legal
    and
    financial
    repercussions
    for
    discriminating
    against
    Bobnar
    based
    on
    his
    religious
    beliefs.
  • In
    contrast,
    the
    claims
    that
    AstraZeneca
    successfully
    defended
    against
    (retaliation
    under
    Title
    VII,
    FMLA
    claims,
    and
    OPPA
    violation)
    were
    either
    appear
    less
    financially
    impactful
    in
    comparison
    to
    the
    two
    claims
    Bobnar
    won.


Decision
Link


Court
:
Appellate
Court
of
Illinois,
Second
District


Areas
of
Law
 {insurance,
commerce,
education,
liability,
fraud}


Majority
:
Justice
Mullen; Dissent:
Justice
McLaren


Majority
word
count
:
10,953; Dissent
word
count
:
698


Amicus
brief
:
1


What
it’s
about
:
This
case
centers
on
a
claim
brought
by
plaintiff
Calley
Fausett
against
Walgreen
Company
(doing
business
as
Walgreens),
alleging
that
Walgreens
violated
the
Fair
and
Accurate
Credit
Transactions
Act
of
2003
(FACTA).
Specifically,
the
plaintiff
claims
that
Walgreens
printed
more
than
the
last
five
digits
of
debit
card
numbers
on
receipts
provided
to
customers,
which
is
prohibited
under
section
1681c(g)(1)
of
FACTA.


Positions
of
the
Parties
:


  • Plaintiff
     (Calley
    Fausett):
    Fausett
    argued
    that
    Walgreens
    willfully
    violated
    FACTA
    by
    printing
    too
    many
    digits
    of
    her
    debit
    card
    number
    on
    receipts,
    which
    exposed
    her
    to
    an
    increased
    risk
    of
    identity
    theft.
    She
    asserts
    that
    this
    violation
    is
    sufficient
    to
    bring
    a
    claim,
    even
    though
    she
    did
    not
    suffer
    any
    actual
    injury
    or
    financial
    loss.
    Fausett
    sought
    statutory
    damages,
    punitive
    damages,
    and
    attorneys
    fees,
    and
    moved
    for
    class
    certification
    to
    represent
    others
    affected
    by
    the
    same
    issue.

  • Defendant
     (Walgreens):
    Walgreens
    contended
    that
    the
    claim
    was
    not
    actionable
    because
    Fausett
    had
    not
    demonstrated
    any
    actual
    injury.
    They
    argued
    that
    revealing
    part
    of
    a
    debit
    card
    number
    did
    not
    pose
    a
    significant
    risk
    of
    harm,
    and
    thus
    Fausett
    lacked
    standing
    to
    sue
    under
    Illinois
    law.
    Walgreens
    also
    challenged
    the
    appropriateness
    of
    class
    certification,
    asserting
    that
    the
    violation
    did
    not
    support
    class-wide
    claims.


Legal
Background
:


  • FACTAs
    Truncation
    Requirement
    :
    The
    law
    prohibits
    businesses
    from
    printing
    more
    than
    the
    last
    five
    digits
    of
    a
    debit
    or
    credit
    card
    number
    on
    receipts
    to
    protect
    consumers
    from
    identity
    theft.

  • Standing
    :
    Walgreens
    argued
    that,
    under
    federal
    law,
    a
    plaintiff
    must
    show
    concrete
    harm
    to
    have
    standing.
    However,
    Illinois
    courts
    had
    taken
    a
    more
    liberal
    approach
    to
    standing,
    allowing
    claims
    for
    statutory
    violations
    even
    in
    the
    absence
    of
    actual
    injury.


Court’s
Decision
:
The
court
ruled
in
favor
of
the
plaintiff,
affirming
the
decision
of
the
circuit
court
to
grant
class
certification.
The
court
concluded
that
the
plaintiff
had
standing
to
bring
a
claim
under
FACTA
in
Illinois
state
court.
The
court
rejected
the
defendants
argument
that
the
plaintiff
lacked
standing
due
to
the
absence
of
an
actual
injury,
stating
that
under
Illinois
law,
a
violation
of
statutory
rights,
such
as
a
willful
violation
of
FACTA,
is
sufficient
to
confer
standing.
This
conclusion
was
consistent
with
Illinois
approach
to
standing,
which
does
not
require
proof
of
concrete
harm
or
injury
in
fact.
The
court
emphasized
that
it
was
not
addressing
the
ultimate
success
of
the
plaintiffs
claim,
only
the
issue
of
standing
and
the
propriety
of
granting
class
certification.


Dissent
:
Judge
McLaren
disagreed
with
the
majority’s
decision
to
approve
the
class
certification
(the
ability
of
the
plaintiff
to
represent
a
group
of
people
in
the
lawsuit)
at
this
stage.
The
dissent
argued
that
the
majority
made
an
incomplete
and
speculative
decision
by
addressing
only
one
issue—whether
the
plaintiff
has
standing
to
bring
the
case—while
ignoring
other
important
legal
questions,
such
as
whether
the
plaintiffs
claim
is
valid
or
whether
certain
legal
defenses
apply.
The
dissent
also
criticized
the
majority
for
affirming
the
class
certification
without
fully
reviewing
all
the
necessary
details,
which
the
dissent
believed
should
have
been
handled
by
the
trial
court
before
deciding
on
the
class.
Essentially,
the
dissent
argued
the
majority
was
making
a
premature
decision
without
enough
information
and
should
have
sent
the
case
back
for
further
review
instead
of
addressing
the
class
certification.



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Solutions
LLC.
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at

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at [email protected]
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